1. This is important, as the white authorities have attempted to portray the protesters as extremist law-breakers. Please make your answers bolded or in a different (legible) color. Kings introduction of the letter is the first instance of the use of ethos. In terms of the former, the white moderate operates under an illusion that patience will be more effective towards ending segregation than tension will be. in Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail. Quarterly Journal of King, From the Birmingham Jail, Christian Century 80 (12 June 1963): 767773. The Letter from Birmingham Jail is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr during the 1963 Birmingham campaign. If you want a unique paper, order it from our professional writers. Why is it important Dr. King make this distinction? King began to write a response to clergymen's criticisms on the newspaper itself. \begin{array}{c} Now is the time to lift our national policy from the quicksand of racial injustice to the solid rock of human dignity (King 279). Answer the question "yes" or "no". The clergymen disapproved of the timing of public actions. WesentthesuppliestoDr.JeffreyHellmerinRochester,NewYork. Individuals must actively seek to create the world they want, since there is no inevitable sense of fate that . His letter gives the philosophical foundations of the civil rights movement of the 1960s and does a good job by giving specific examples that appeal to logos, pathos, and ethos. The use of pathos in the rhetorical analysis example can easily help people to understand the concept of emotional appeals. Reverend Martin Luther King Writes from Birmingham City JailPart I, 88th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Record (11 July 1963): A 43664368. Letter from Birmingham Jail: Rhetorical Analysis Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested in April of 1963 for participating in a march, which was a march fighting for the equal rights for African Americans. The next critical point King addresses is the question of extremism, which his critics have used as an insult or warning, and by which they hope to de-legitimize the civil rights movement. The Institute cannot give permission to use or reproduce any of the writings, statements, or images of Martin Luther King, Jr. King said that recent decisions by the SCLC to delay its efforts for tactical reasons showed they were behaving responsibly. In his Letter from Birmingham Jail, King writes, "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. The argument lays the groundwork for the Letter to pose a call to individual action, a defense of those who stand up and sacrifice themselves and their comfort in the name of freedom and justice. As a Baptist minister, King has a depth of knowledge of the Bible and history of Christianity, which he uses to his advantage in this letter. they must break with willingness to accept the penalty, give three examples of historical civil disobedience from his letter. After countering the charge that he was an outside agitator in the body of the letter, King sought to explain the value of a nonviolent campaign and its four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action (King, Why, 79). If necessary, rephrase the first premise so it has the form if $p$ then $q$. One recurring idea that supports Dr. Kings arguments is that group mentality supports and enables immorality, and that the individual must therefore act for justice even when the group does not share that goal. Consider the following arguments. 5. A circuit judge issued a blanket injunction against the campaign for "parading, demonstrating, boycotting, trespassing and picketing.". However, clergymen provided their criticism of Kings actions and methods of achieving a common good, stating that he was wrong. King emphasizes that the protests are a necessary action based on African Americans current social and political conditions. First is his argument that all men are interrelated, and responsible for one another. A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The use of words, like president and every, describes the status of the organization as trustworthy and credible, making ethos appeal stronger. 808 certified writers online. Likewise, King makes excellent use of logos to justify the rogue status of the government. what are two definitions of a just law, as given by MLK? This essay is available online and might have been used by another student. Overall, the discussion of group immorality supports his purpose of encouraging individual action in the face of injustice, and criticizing those who do not support such individual action for fear of upsetting the status quo. letter from birmingham jail flashcards quizlet Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. He focuses on moral, emotional, logical, valid, and credible reasons for a justification of his actions and goals. King compares himself to early Christian prophets because they answer choices died fighting for their cause. At the center of civil disobedience is the public nature of law-breaking: these African Americans are protesting publicly, and allowing themselves to be arrested, to bring attention to the unjust laws. King (1963) also specifies various prominent personalities, like St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Augustine, John Bunyan, Martin Luther, and even Jesus Christ, in his letter. 1 - Line 1 Audience The reader (s) to whom this is directed. what has happened to the some of the men from the church who have supported the civil rights movement and MLK? Some may say Martian Luther King could persuade anyone and anything, by the choice of his words and how he made them flow together. White Clergymen Urge Local Negroes to Withdraw from Demonstrations, Birmingham News, 13 April 1963. injustice 3.) How do his claims and evidence worl to develop this argument? Instead of the police, King praised the nonviolent demonstrators in Birmingham, "for their sublime courage, their willingness to suffer and their amazing discipline in the midst of great provocation. 1. King establishes the difference between ordinary crime and civil disobedience. He has organizational ties in Birmingham. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. In turn, whites discriminate against African Americans, treat them as the minority, and deny their basic rights granted by the constitution and by God himself. Surname 4 more successful due to its confident feelings, verifiable realities, and, obviously, the valued author in Letter from Birmingham Jail. -Graham S. In the past, the African American community has attempted to negotiate with Birmingham community leaders, but had their hopes dashed. Make sure your essay is plagiarism-free or hire a writer to get a unique paper crafted to your needs. By doing this he validates why his nonviolent protest is necessary for growth and to overcome the prejudices that were happening in Birmingham. b. In attacking moderation, he addresses himself to parties as high-ranking as the Kennedys to as everyday as students and churchgoers who are witnessing the changes of the civil rights era without admitting their own moral responsibility to support it as a quest for positive change. King references a dozen historical figures from Abraham Lincoln, to Paul of Tarsus, Socrates, to Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, and many more. Not trying to fight or disrespect them as he refers to them as men of genuine good will and that your criticism is sincerely set forth (King 273), but still speaks strongly upon his side of the statements that were made. 1. King moves on to tie the current struggle for racial freedom to the historical struggle for American independence from Britain. to create economic pressure upon the community because of Easter shopping, they did not want to be accused of swaying results in the election. Struggling with distance learning? Showing that he takes the cultural ideas of him and his followers very seriously and is there to fight for them. 1.) King uses various instances of ethos to show his credibility to readers. what are MLK's qualifications for leading the protest? Let your reader hear how people talk. The Question and Answer section for Letter From Birmingham Jail is a great SOAPS chart of MLK's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" Subject Why he is in Birmingham Segregation as social justice Civil disobedience as an instrument of freedom : Occasion Accusation of misuse of the law Nonviolent protests in Birmingham Disappointing leadership of the clergy : Besides, King establishes himself as a man with trustworthiness by using ethos. King first disputes then accepts the label "extreme." He shows some prevalent forms of racism and presents possible consequences in case of failure to reform the system. does not square with God's law (not moral). a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion of nonprofits that indicate retaining younger staff is the greatest diversity staffing challenge for their organization. invited there 2.) So, the letter is an appeal for those who want change and a warning for those who oppose it. Specify your topic, deadline, number of pages and other requirements. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. MLK also includes many metaphors in the letter to create that image in the readers mind and to make important arguments. The first half of the letter was introduced into testimony before Congress by Representative William Fitts Ryan (DNY) and published in the Congressional Record. Nevertheless, King argues that the situation of human rights is contrary to the definition in the constitution. We will write a custom Essay on "Letter from Birmingham Jail" Rhetorical Analysis Essay specifically for you. 6. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. The body of Kings letter called into question the clergys charge of impatience on the part of the African American community and of the extreme level of the campaigns actions (White Clergymen Urge). This passage is a rather concise description of the call to arms that lies within the "Letter from Birmingham Jail.". Definite use of logos. To illustrate the white moderate perspective. He reminds his readers of the time when the Christian church was powerful and functioned as an agent of change; he no longer sees that in the contemporary church, which he calls an archdefender of the status quo. If this continues, warns. Requirements King kept a serious but sincere voice getting straight to the point, but also persuading his audience. what promises were made to the black community that were not upheld? And yet his attacks are incessant, usually through implicit threats or suggestions. He prided himself as being among extremists such as Jesus, the prophet Amos, the apostle Paul, Martin Luther, and Abraham Lincoln, and observed that the country as a whole and the South in particular stood in need of creative men of extreme action. $$ A law is unjust if it is inflicted on a minority that, as a result of being denied the right to vote, had no part in enacting or devising the law. However, this passionate but restrained argument ultimately sets the stage for a declaration of what scholar Jonathan Rieder calls a proclamation of black self-sufficiency (94). Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection. Interpret the interval constructed in (a). Prepare a production cost report for the Sealing Department for April. Letter From Birmingham Jail DRAFT. Kings 12 April 1963 arrest for violating Alabamas law against mass public demonstrations took place just over a week after the campaigns commencement. Racist gov. direct action what promises were made to the black community that were not upheld? The Letter of Birmingham Jail. Discovering Arguments: An, Introduction to Critical Thinking and Writing, with Readings, by Dean Memering and William Palmer, Prentice Hall, 2005, pp. In the letter, King appeals for unity against racism in society, while he wants to fight for Human Rights, using ethos. answer choices ministers who criticized King's efforts whites who arrested King for no reason his coworkers in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference his wife and his lawyer Question 2 30 seconds Q. It was begun on pieces of newspaper, continued on bits of paper supplied by a black trustee, and finished on paper pads left by Kings attorneys.