It also places the 40-year oppression and Samson in parallel with Eli. The name occurs twice: at the first mention, Shamgar is identified as a man who repelled Philistine incursions into Israelite regions, and slaughtered 600 of the invaders with an ox goad ( Judges 3:31 ); [1] b. 3.Do what you can. Thus, when we read about the actions of the Philistines we should see an Egyptian hand pulling the strings. Descent via Ithamar younger of Aarons 2 surviving sons Samuel took over from Eli. All of these judges are found in the book of Judges except for Eli and Samuel, who are found in 1st Samuel. Fortunately, we have another witness to consult to try and fill in these gaps. . 2. 5:6). GIDEON in Hebrew means: Feeler, Hewer, also known as Jerub-Baal. When and how did the Twelve Apostles die? Toward the end of Elis lifetime, the Jewish people went to war with the Philistines (I Samuel 4). Then, some of these people, places, and events are given paragraphs of attention and others? ), and Samson (1069-1049 B.C. (40 years)(1 Sam 1:1-4:18) As noted above, Paul gives Saul a 40-year reign length in Acts 13:21. However, the length of the peace that follows is always 40 years or, in Ehuds case, twice 40 = 80 years. Specifically placing the events of her time, In the days of Shamgar, son of Anath (Judges 5:6). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Instead, they left a remnanta remnant who enticed the Israelites to worship Baal (in particular) and to take the other nations daughters in marriage, further cementing their disloyalty to the Lord (Judges 3:6). Finally, we enter what I call the Appendix (Judges 17-21): Two additional stories that fall in this period, but are not dated to any particular judge. The judges continued until Saul was made king, which ended the line of judges. During his reign, the eastern border quieted down but the western one heated up. Youre never a mere mortal. The name Syria-of-Rivers given in the Septuagint is perhaps the most revealing and places this kingdom between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what today is eastern Syria and western Iraq. For instance, in Judges 3:31 of the New International Version Bible, it was indicated that Shamgar was the son of Anath. 16. He also destroyed a great idol of Baal and expanded Torah study among the masses. The first two years his mother nursed him. The Book of Judges itself suggests the solution; it implies that certain periods overlapped in time.- For instance, Judges 3:30-4:1 implies that Shamgar judged during the 80 years of peace following Ehud's deliverance from the Moabites. Ant 5.84-85 18 years from death of Joshua to first judge. While the name is not specifically, Israel, this reference also predates the Merneptah Stele. The next oppressor, for 20 years, is Jabin King of Canaan whose capital was Hazor. As he grew up, the spirit of God beat within him (Judges 13:25). The other judges are viewed in greater detail in the Book of Judges: Othniel 3:7-11 a nephew of Caleb, delivered Israel from the Mesopotamians. By: Steve Shirley A: Judges ruled Israel for a period of time that most scholars say was about 325 to 350 years (beginning in app. When God finally allowed Israel to enter the Promised Land, He commanded it On this timeline the Exodus occurs in the reign of Amenhotep II, somewhere after his Year 9, his last recorded campaign in Canaan. What scripture showing the timespan of Shamgars reign? In Gods Word, we are witness to a panorama of the many people He used for His divine and perfect purposes. Judges does not mention a number of years and Josephus credits him with less than one. ". Elon judged Israel ten years (Judges 12:11). If the dating is correct, this may refer to someone that was named after the famous hero. If we interpret these 40-year intervals as structural and representing a generation (as opposed to being exact numbers), then we can adjust them downward. Arriving at a correct chronology for the Judges period will require us to build a complete chronology from the Exodus to King Solomon in order to reconcile to I Kings 6:1. Gods infinite justice and mercy are on display throughout the book of Judges. We will not cover them all in detail, but have provided a table at the end which briefly outlines who they were. In this context, Jabin is able to carve out an independent kingdom in Canaan and oppress the Israelites. With Eli then firmly slotted we can at last begin to address the information provided in Judges. He slaughtered 600 invading Philistines with an oxgoad, a formidable weapon about 3 meters long with a sharp metal point. (23 years)(Judg 10:1-2) Option 2 gives us the timeline shown in Figure 4, and we can now move on to the early period. In chapters 1 through 21 are about a 300 to 350 year historical period that includes a repetitive cycle that Israel goes through as a result of their disobedience to the Word of God. the Jews cried out in repentance, however, God raised up judges to deliver Nevertheless, he became a true hero performing legendary feats of bravery and strength (see Judges 14:6 and 15:15). I wasnt going to leave a comment until I read your bio, you seem like a nice guy who wants to know Gods word and not teach things about His word that arent true. Shamgar, son of Anath, was the third Judge of Israel. Therefore, his activity was similar to that of the judges. Deborah/Barak This puts the right bookend at 1010 BC at the death of Saul. Judges 3:31 says, "After Ehud came Shamgar son of Anath, who struck down six hundred Philistines with an oxgoad. As believers, everything we do matters because it is all to be an act of obedience and worship to our great God (Colossians 3:23-24). Things are good all the days of the judge, but once he or she is gone, the people quickly revert to following other gods and the cycle repeats. He led Israel for eight years. Also of note, and key to constructing a proper chronology, is that in the Late Period the time allotted to each judge changes from being a spacer between oppressions and likely overlaps those oppressions. Both were so wicked, they were Judges in Beersheba, and Samuel was so old that Israel who wanted to be like the other nations asked for and got a king. The best we can tell from the fragment is that the length of Sauls reign likely ended in a 2, but thats it. 2. they could see, hear and touch, like their neighbors': Regardless of the timeline used, after the conquest by Thutmose I the other major political powers in the Near East (the Hittites, Mittani, Assyrians and Babylonians) do not make incursions into the area of Israel until much later. ACTS 13:21 21 And afterward they asked for a king; so God gave them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years. Juni 2022. years through fifteen judges, who varied in their faithfulness to God. It also appears in Psalm 2:10, Psalm 148:11, and other passages where it refers to kings and means "rulers." and this cycle of idolatry - bondage - deliverance repeated itself for 450 Tola and Jair ruled for almost the same amount of time and in different parts of the country, Tola in Ephraim, and Jair in Gilead. As shown above in Figure 1, this math gives us 396 years in which to fit Joshua, 450 years of judges, Samuel, and Saul. I will also present what I believe is the best solution based on the available information. Whether he killed them all at once or over many battles is unknown. Sisera realized he had to capture the mountain to subdue the Jewish people. Thought to be an Ephramite because she resided in Ephraim (4:5), Deborah judged and led Israel for 60 years in the 12th century B.C. ways; they turned aside after dishonest gain, took bribes, and perverted Considering that, except for Joshua and Caleb, everyone above the age of 20 that came out of Egypt had perished in the wilderness, the maximum age for these elders would be 60 and most were more likely in their mid to late 50s. They not only lost the war but the Ark was captured. their rejection of God's direct rule, albeit through his judges and Why did Israel ask for a king after those 450 years? Judges 3:12-30. they have rejected Me, that I should not reign over them. Thus, I leave it to the reader to choose the one they find the most appealing. The period of the Judges therefore spanned 400 years (40 + 360 yrs). to drive out all idolatrous pagans inhabiting it. Those were the nations they failed to drive out as the Lord commanded earlier. However, even she could not mobilize too many from the other tribes. However, in this period Egypt is again weak as we are now into the Third Intermediate Period, a time where the national government has collapsed, and multiple Pharaohs are ruling in different parts of the country. Although Scripture only devotes a single verse to this Bible battle, we can learn a surprising sum from it. We take a BRIEF look at Israel's third judge. What, if any, relationship exists between this campaign and the raids from Midian is not clear. This gives a total of 66 years. Ruled or Judged Israel for 40 years 1191BC-1151BC Judges 6:1-8:35. Shamgar: An Overlooked Hero in Judges The book of Judges can be difficult to read and retain. they have rejected Me, that I should not reign over them." Place everything end to end, including the 18 year oppression. Then God asked Samuel later to anoint David as king. But it is immortals whom we joke with, work with, marry, snub, and exploitimmortal horrors or everlasting splendors. We must play. Shamgar was full of God's Anointing. Judges 3:1, 2 reveals the extraordinary purpose of God during this period of the nation of Israel. That number may have been given in I Samuel 13:1, but the text there is fragmentary. This means that the 40-years of oppression under the Philistines, as recorded in Judges, ends at the same time as the Judges narrative. He also delivered Israel. In particular, they were not carving monuments in stone, and it seems that their material culture (pottery, jewelry, idols, and the like) was little different from their Canaanite neighbors. I believe that this is likely where the encounter between Eglon and Ehud took place. The main enemy was Midian, east of the Jordan. An interesting insight into the early period is that the dates are built around the beginnings and ends of the oppressions, and the event that accomplished the delivery from that oppression. We also know He is good, for He is God. ANCIENT HISTORY before Shamgar and the Philistines But it's safe to assume that Shamgar actually killed the Philistines under the influence of the Spirit because it was the way God used the others, ( Judges 15:14; Judges 3:10 ). Judges 17 and 18 are concerned with events leading up to the conquest of the city of Laish by the tribe of Dan. Thus, we are not given the name of a single Midianite king responsible for this next seven-year oppression. Ussher used dates of 1491 BC for the Exodus and 1011 BC for the fourth year of Solomons reign and Nolen Jones sticks with these dates. ). None of the cities would take it. 4a. As it turns out, it gives us almost exactly the 22 years that we are looking for. How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? 6. These deliverances are separated by a period of peace, ostensibly the time required for the judge to pass on and the people to fall back into sin. If you are keeping score, the 32 years for Samuel and Saul means that we have a mere 65 years remaining to the 300-year mark for Jephthah and 131 years to fit in there. Options 2 and 3 give very similar results, however Option 2 is more consistent with our approach for this period. They put the idol back up and the next day it fell on its face again, this time with its hands severed (I Samuel 5:3-4). the people in all that they say to you; for they have not rejected you, but First, no duration is given for the time from the beginning of the conquest of Canaan by Joshua until the first oppression recorded in Judges. (8 years)(Judg 12:13-15) Asked to lead by Deborah but did not. In this timeline, the correspondence between the Pharaoh and his Canaanite vassals regarding the troubles being created by Labaya and the Habiru fit very well with what we know from I Samuel, including Sauls ultimate defeat and the rise of Ishbosheth and David. Shamgar is essentially a footnote at the end of Judges Chapter 3: 31After him [Ehud] was Shamgar the son of Anath, who killed six hundred men of the Philistines with an ox goad; and he also delivered Israel. Some of them received only a brief mention in the Book of Judges. Also, Judges 4:4 indicates that Deborah was already judging Israel before she enlists the help of Barak in defeating Sisera, overlapping into the period of oppression, and continued for an undetermined time afterward. While exact dates are not possible, I do believe that there are clues as to where to place these events on the timeline. The Merneptah or Israel Stele. His career is summarised in Judges 10:1-2. When she brought him to the Tabernacle at the age of two Eli was the Judge/Leader and he judged Israel for forty years ( Samuel 4:18). ** Until Saul made king(1 Sam 2:18-4:1)(1 Sam 7:2-8:1). They marauded and raided the Jewish people, who had to pay tribute to them as well as conduct foreign policy according to the desire of their Philistine masters. Judge Shamgar, in the Book of Judges, was a great man who was able to drive away the Philistines and prevent them from invading the Israelite regions. how many years did shamgar judge israel 10. 6. There were great leaders as well as tyrannical leaders like Avimelech (see chart below). See book the of Ruth. 10. While Israel is oppressed 20 years by Jabin king of Hazor, Deborah judges between Bethel & Ramah: 1204-1184 BC. According to Judges 3:31, he saved Israel by slaying 600 Philistines with an oxgoad. When we read about what Shamgar did, we recall the mighty acts of Samson and his ruinous relationship with women, especially Delilah, and his run-in with the Philistines because of his lust for her. Other accounts on Shamgar pointed out that the terms son of Anath, which was often linked with his name, was only a royal title. In Joshua 3, the "man of the hour" was a farmer named, Shamgar. Naturally, the presence of the Philistines and their predecessors in these coastal cities would be a good reason for Dan to look elsewhere for land. Nations, cultures, arts, civilizationsthese are mortal, and their life is to ours as the life of a gnat. SAMUEL in Hebrew means: heard of God Tribe of Levi, Birth 1105BC ruled or Judged 1067BC-1020BC for 47 years, died at the age of 85 1 Samuel 3 (at Bethel, Gilgal, Mizpah) one of the last judges and first in a line of prophets that lasted till Malachi and John the Baptist in New Testament. Is there any desire to be led by a 'tangible' human being instead of God Given that Judges 4:1 ignores Shamgar and links us with Ehud's death, its clear Shamgar's inclusion has no impact on furthering the timeline (although it provides us a nice link back to Judges 2:17). The stories of Micahs idol and the Levites concubine and subsequent war with Benjamin dont impact the overall chronology, but we will try to place them once we have a chronological framework in place. The other two options can be represented graphically as shown below in Figures 5 and 6. Shamgar served as the third judge over Israel, after Othniel and Ehud. Each person went back to his own tribe. ABIJAH (Abiah) in Hebrew means: JAH is Father 2nd son. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. JEPHTHAH the Gileadite in Hebrew means: opposer 6 years 1087BC-1081BC, Judges 10:6-12:7. However, this number should be understood as the sum of the years given in scripture and not the actual elapsed time. 12. We have 22 extra years and so a reduction of 11% (22/200) gets us what we need. Who were those fifteen judges of Israel during this era? There is no indication of any period of peace until I Samuel 7:13, following the battle of Mizpah where it states, the Philistines were subdued and did not come any more into the territory of Israel. Ivo Silveira 8877, km. Finally, Option 4 gives us maximum compression. Here we have Abimilech (3 years), Tola (23 years), and Jair (22 years). He became the first warrior-Judge of Israel and delivered Israel from the oppression of the Edomites. Shamgar served as the third judge over Israel, after Othniel and Ehud. 9 "Certainly I will go with you," said Deborah. On the day of a great feast the Philistines took him out of prison and tied him to two great stone pillars in their temple, planning to make a public spectacle of him. We can choose to interpret the 300-year figure as a precise number and thereby date the beginning of Jephthahs six-year judgeship to 1107 BC. Bible References: Judges 3.31; Judges 5.6-7. While Egypt was the primary foreign power for much of this period, no direct interaction with Egypt is recorded. Amazing Bible Timeline with World History, https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Judges%203:31, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/slacktivist/2011/10/07/bible-stories-shamgar/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamgar#mediaviewer/File:Speculum_Darmstadt_2505_31r_Sangor.jpg, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swords_in_art#mediaviewer/File:Design_for_a_Swordsmith%27s_Sign,_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg. How did Shamgar kill 600 Philistines? 13. B-1025, Dev Atelier, Opp. ), Abdon (1065-1058 B.C. [1] Thiele, Edwin R.; The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings; Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervan, 1983. Nevertheless, in the end Samson took revenge upon his enemies. Then, Samsons birth is foretold with the prophecy that, he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines (Judges 13:5). In general, Josephus is in very close agreement with the Biblical sources, and he provides numbers to fill in the gaps that we have identified. The current accepted date for the reign of Solomon is 970-930 BC following Thiele[1]. how many years did shamgar judge israel. [4] See https://patternsofevidence.com/2021/09/24/inscription-provides-bible-archaeology-link/ or more detail. ), Gideon (1191-1151 B.C. He was a Nazarite, and from the time he was born, he . In the New Chronology of David Rohl, Canaan is outside the Egyptian sphere of influence until roughly the time of Gideon when it is conquered by Thutmose I, and Akenaten aligns with Saul and David. What Does It Really Mean That Your Body Is a Temple? As noted above in the Archaeology section, this name has been found on inscriptions from this period. This tells us that in Jephthahs time, Israel had occupied the area east of the Jordan river for 300 years. The title "judge" makes us think of someone who determines guilt or innocence in a court case. The period of the judges came to an end when Israel went before Samuel and demanded a king (such as the other nations had). Into this Philistine-dominated world, Samson was born miraculously. Note that this solution also gives Samuel a total of 30 years but as 20 alone plus ten overlapping with Saul as opposed to 12 and 18. In the conquest of Canaan, Othniel captured Debir. The 12 judges in the Bible were the following: Othniel (1373-1334 B.C. In my article on Saul I found, based on the details of the narrative in I Samuel, that the minimum length of Sauls reign is about 12 years. For more than a century, father, son, grandson, great-grandson, great-great grandson all had to fight what often seemed like the same never-ending war. David Rohl in his New Chronology has identified a number of the figures from the time of I Samuel with those mentioned in the Amarna letters, most notably Saul. [4] The subsequent text[5] follows on directly from the previous narrative. Judges 3.31 The inspired storyteller obviously viewed this mass killing to be a glorious, noble, and wonderful thing. [8], The Bible also indicates that he was the "son" of Anath (the name of a Canaanite deity). I believe that these are two versions of the same story, with the Judges version providing more color. Born as the answer to the prayers of his mother, his name reflected this. And all the house of Israel lamented after the LORD. At last its time to start building our timeline. First, the time from the recovery of the Ark in I Samuel 7:2 to the installation of the ark in Jerusalem in II Samuel 6 was almost exactly 40 years (32 or Samuel and Saul plus 7 for David), with much of this time equated with Saul. That child was Samuel, who would become the next Judge, one of historys greatest prophets, an equal to Moses in many respects, as well as savior of Israel. However, these Judges described in Judges exercised their authority over one or other tribe but, never the entire nation. (Unknown)(Judg 3:31)(Judg 5:6) Shamgar merits mention here as one who accomplished something significant and a deliverer of Israel. your ways. THE BOOK OF JUDGES The Hebrew word translated "Judges" in the English title of the book refers not to specialized judicial officers or magistrates but to leaders in general. Beginning with verse 3 is the account of the battle of Mizpah which ends Israels 40+ year oppression by the Philistines (see Judges 13:1). Verses 6-7 testify to the events as they transpired while Shamgar served as judge, In the days of Shamgar, son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were abandoned, and travelers kept to the byways. Shasu can loosely be translated as nomads, particularly cattle herders of the area of Palestine. For the original, 2018 version of this article click here. Shamgar rose to prominence as 600 Philistines invaded his plowing field. Recall that we have Jephthah at the 300-year mark or perhaps a bit later. The situation was turned around by a great person who happened to be a woman: Deborah. next 450 years? But for now, I will proceed with Option 2. For those not wishing to pursue either of the above options, the remaining option is to compress the periods between oppressions. See Jeremiah 47:4. According to scholars, this is a more logical and more original location of Shamgars story in the scriptures. Samuel also anointed the first king of Israel, Saul, and his successor David. That does not mean, however, that this period is completely devoid of archaeological evidence. The timeline for the book of Judges is a puzzle, but one that is largely solvable. In the books of Samuel, Shammah was presented as one of the Three, which was a group of warriors during the time of King David. Lewis said in The Weight of Glory,There are no ordinary people. This implies that Joshua and the elders that outlived him had all perished a mere ten years after the completion of the conquest and Israel had already fallen into sin. Even though the oppression would in fact continue for another twenty years under Samuel. However, given the apparently more complete records for the Late Period, I believe it will be more valuable to start at the end the death of Saul and work backward to Abimilech. Today we look into the really uninformed life of Shamgar, the third judge of Israel.Sub Count Goal: 500Subscribe to . Some scholars also assume that he may also be Siseras father. I will lay out what I believe makes the most sense, and in some cases will provide multiple options. ELI ( at Shiloh) in Hebrew means: JAH is High Levi-high priest 40 years 1107BC-1067BC not in Judges died at 98 1st Samuel 4:14-18 lead Israel for 40 years. Son of Anath Judges 3:31. 3Then Samuel spoke to all the house of Israel . This location, "between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim," places . Shamgar is a man of mystery, and he is part of the larger mystery of salvation in the book of Judges. There is also indication that Hazor was destroyed c1200 BC which is consistent with a final defeat by Israel. However, there is no Old Testament reference to the length of Sauls reign. What Shamgar taught me was unreal. In those ancient times, the word Mesopotamia described the fertile, well-watered area that would be today Eastern Syria and Northern Iraq. Gideon subdued the Midianites with a small band of 300 men. years. One of the Judges; son of Anath. Samuel 1400 - 1350 B.C.). gayle telfer stevens husband Order Supplement. v. 6). We are now prepared to dig into the information in Judges, beginning with Samson. We do have a number of inscriptions from Egypt and Israels neighbors that confirms their presence in this time period. However, we still have some missing pieces. 1. The Midianites were descended from Abraham through his second wife, Keturah, and recall that Jethro, Moses father-in-law, was a priest of Midian. 31 After Ehud, Anaths son Shamgar attacked 600 Philistines with a cattle prod. Perhaps we can verify this number or at least understand where it comes from. In 1184 BC Barak comes to Deborah from Kedesh-Naphtali. This cycle is particularly evident in the Early Period. Shamgar, son of Anath (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans} amgar), is the name of one or possibly two individuals named in the Book of Judges.